A Related Term Used to Describe a Representational Style in Art

Human expression, usually influenced by culture

The arts are a very wide range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They cover multiple diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing and existence, in an extremely broad range of media. Both highly dynamic and a characteristically abiding characteristic of homo life, they take developed into innovative, stylized and sometimes intricate forms. This is often accomplished through sustained and deliberate study, preparation and/or theorizing within a particular tradition, beyond generations and even between civilizations. The arts are a vehicle through which human beings cultivate singled-out social, cultural and individual identities, while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life and experiences across time and infinite.

Prominent examples of the arts include compages, visual arts (including ceramics, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpting), literary arts (including fiction, drama, verse, and prose), performing arts (including trip the light fantastic, music, and theatre), textiles and fashion, folk fine art and handicraft, oral storytelling, conceptual and installation art, criticism, and culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking). They can employ skill and imagination to produce objects, performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new environments and spaces.

The arts can refer to mutual, popular or everyday practices equally well as more sophisticated and systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-contained, or combine and interweave with other art forms, such as the combination of artwork with the written discussion in comics. They can also develop or contribute to some particular aspect of a more circuitous art form, as in cinematography.

By definition, the arts themselves are open to being continually re-defined. The practice of modern fine art, for case, is a attestation to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its conditions of production, reception, and possibility tin undergo.

As both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity, and as ends in themselves, the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the world, and a way that our responses, and what nosotros deem worthwhile goals or pursuits, are transformed. From prehistoric cavern paintings, to aboriginal and contemporary forms of ritual, to modern-day films, art has served to register, embody and preserve our always shifting relationships to each other and to the globe.

Definition

In that location are several possible meanings for the definitions of the terms Art and Arts.^[a] The first meaning of the word art is « way of doing ».^[1] The virtually bones present pregnant defines the arts as specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans.^[2] The arts are as well referred to as bringing together all creative and imaginative activities, without including science.^[b] ^[3] ^[4] In its most basic abstract definition, fine art is a documented expression of a sentient being through or on an accessible medium then that anyone can view, hear or experience information technology. The act itself of producing an expression can too exist referred to as a sure art, or as art in general. Whether this solidified expression, or the human action of producing it, is "skillful" or has value depends on those who admission and charge per unit it. Such public rating is dependent on various subjective factors. Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" as "painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, etc., considered as a group of activities done by people with skill and imagination."^[5] Similarly, the U.s.a. Congress, in the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Deed, defined "the arts" as follows:

The term "the arts" includes, but is not limited to, music (instrumental and vocal), dance, drama, folk art, creative writing, architecture and allied fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and craft arts, industrial pattern, costume and fashion design, movement pictures, idiot box, radio, film, video, tape and audio recording, the arts related to the presentation, performance, execution, and exhibition of such major fine art forms, all those traditional arts practiced past the diverse peoples of this country. (sic) and the study and application of the arts to the human being surround.^[half-dozen]

Fine art is a global activity in which a big number of disciplines are included, such every bit: fine arts, liberal arts, visual arts, decorative arts, applied arts, design, crafts, performing arts,^[3] ... We are talking virtually "the arts" when several of them are mentioned: "As in all arts the enjoyment increases with the knowledge of the art".^[vii]

The arts tin can be divided into several areas, the fine arts which bring together, in the broad sense, all the arts whose aim is to produce true artful pleasure,^[8] decorative arts and applied arts which relate to an aesthetic side in everyday life.^[9]

History

The earliest surviving form of any of the arts are cave paintings, maybe from 70,000 BCE, but definitely from at least 40,000 BCE.^[10] The oldest known musical instrument, the purported Divje Babe Flute—made from a young cave carry femur—is dated to 43,000 and 82,000 BCE, just whether it is truly a musical musical instrument (or an object created past animals) remains extremely controversial.^[11] The earliest objects whose designations as musical instruments are widely accepted are eight os flutes from the Swabian Jura, Germany; 3 of these from the Geissenklösterle are dated as the oldest, c. 43,150–39,370 BP.^[12] The earliest surviving literature appears much later on; the Instructions of Shuruppak and Kesh temple hymn amongst other Sumerian cuneiform tablets, are thought to only be from 2600 BCE.^[13]

In Aboriginal Greece, all art and craft was referred to by the same discussion, techne. Thus, in that location was no distinction amongst the arts. Ancient Greek art brought the veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to prove musculature, poise, dazzler, and anatomically correct proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (e.k. Zeus' thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic fine art of the Middle Ages, the dominance of the church building insisted on the expression of biblical truths. Eastern fine art has generally worked in a way akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (significant the obviously colour of an object, such as bones scarlet for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is oft defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Nippon. Religious Islamic art forbids iconography, and instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.

Classifications

In the Middle Ages, the Artes Liberales (liberal arts) were taught in universities as part of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammar, rhetoric, and logic,^[14] and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetics, geometry, music, and astronomy.^[fifteen] The Artes Mechanicae (consisting of vestiaria – tailoring and weaving; agricultura – agriculture; architectura – architecture and masonry; militia and venatoria – warfare, hunting, military education, and the martial arts; mercatura – trade; coquinaria – cooking; and metallaria – blacksmithing and metallurgy)^[16] ^{[ not specific enough to verify ]} were practised and developed in guild environments. The modern distinction betwixt "artistic" and "non-artistic" skills did not develop until the Renaissance. In modernistic academia, the arts are usually grouped with or as a subset of the humanities. Some subjects in the humanities are history, linguistics, literature, theology, philosophy, and logic.

The arts have also been classified as 7: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, performing and movie theater. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music as the main four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through motion, and vocal is music with literature and phonation.^[17] Movie is sometimes chosen the "8th" and comics the "ninth art".^[18]

Visual arts

Architecture

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. The word architecture comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "primary architect, director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "principal" + τεκτων (tekton) "builder, carpenter".^[nineteen] A wider definition would include the design of the congenital environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and mural architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and cost for the builder, equally well as office and aesthetics for the user.

In modern usage, architecture is the art and field of study of creating, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of, a complex object or system. The term can be used to connote the implied architecture of abstract things such as music or mathematics, the apparent compages of natural things, such as geological formations or the construction of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human-fabricated things such equally software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in addition to buildings. In every usage, an architecture may be seen every bit a subjective mapping from a human perspective (that of the user in the case of abstract or physical artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or system, which preserves the relationships amid the elements or components. Planned architecture manipulates infinite, book, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes it from engineering or technology, which commonly concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.

In the field of building compages, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such equally for a hospital or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such as planning residential houses. Many architectural works may be seen also every bit cultural and political symbols, or works of art. The role of the architect, though irresolute, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live.

Ceramics

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including dirt), which may take forms such as pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine art, some are considered to be decorative, industrial, or applied fine art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people pattern, industry, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as "art pottery." In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic applied science usage, "ceramics" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the activity of heat. It excludes glass and mosaic fabricated from glass tesserae.

Conceptual art

Conceptual art is art wherein the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and cloth concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of idea-based art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation every bit text.^[twenty] Through its clan with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,^[21] its pop usage, specially in the United Kingdom, developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not exercise the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Drawing

Cartoon is a ways of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which can simulate the furnishings of these are too used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to every bit a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.^[22] Drawing can be used to create art used in cultural industries such equally illustrations, comics and blitheness. Comics are often called the "ninth art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "7 Arts".^[23]

Painting

Painting is a mode of creative expression, and can be washed in numerous forms. Cartoon, gesture (as in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative fine art), or abstraction (every bit in abstract art), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.^[24] Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist fine art), emotive (every bit in Expressionism), or political in nature (equally in Artivism).

Modern painters take extended the practise considerably to include, for instance, collage. Collage is not painting in the strict sense since information technology includes other materials. Some modern painters comprise unlike materials such as sand, cement, harbinger, wood or strands of pilus for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer.

Photography

Photography every bit an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the artistic vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the chief focus of which is to annunciate products or services.

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in iii dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of textile, as dirt), in stone, metal, ceramics, woods and other materials; but since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost consummate liberty of materials and procedure. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such equally carving, assembled past welding or modelling, or moulded, or cast.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the start sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary. The substantive "literature" comes from the Latin word littera meaning "an individual written graphic symbol (alphabetic character)." The term has mostly come to place a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poetry. In much, if non all of the world, the creative linguistic expression can be oral also, and include such genres as epic, legend, myth, ballad, other forms of oral poetry, and equally folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are oft called the "ninth fine art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship.^[23]

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise trip the light fantastic toe, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other fine art forms in which a human performance is the chief product. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts where the product is an object that does non require a performance to exist observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the product is performed over a menstruation of fourth dimension. Products are broadly categorized every bit being either repeatable (for case, by script or score) or improvised for each performance.^[25] Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are also supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers frequently accommodate their advent with tools such equally costume and stage makeup.

Dance

Dance (from Old French dancier, of unknown origin) generally refers to human move either used as a course of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or operation setting.^[26] Dance is also used to depict methods of not-verbal advice (see body language) between humans or animals (e.g. bee dance, mating trip the light fantastic), motility in inanimate objects (e.grand. the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional motility (such as Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while Martial arts "kata" are often compared to dances.

Music

Music is an fine art form whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The creation, operation, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in functioning) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are oft subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron (θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold"^[27]) is the co-operative of the performing arts concerned with interim out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, trip the light fantastic, sound and spectacle – indeed, whatever one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Multidisciplinary artistic works

Areas be in which artistic works incorporate multiple creative fields, such as film, opera and performance art. While opera is frequently categorized in the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a atypical creative experience. In a typical traditional opera, the entire piece of work utilizes the following: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), acting (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of and then many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his bicycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Band of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to equally "Music Drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were as important every bit the music. Classical ballet is another form which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with trip the light fantastic toe.

Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and artistic means, such as performance fine art. Performance art is a performance over time which combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which tin can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random or carefully organized; even audition participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage'southward composition Living Room Music equanimous in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, which tin be constitute in a living room of a typical house, hence the title.

Other arts

There is no clear line betwixt art and culture. Cultural fields like gastronomy are sometimes considered every bit arts.^[28]

Applied arts

The applied arts are the application of design and decoration to everyday, functional, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.^[29] The applied arts includes fields such as industrial design, analogy, and commercial fine art.^[30] The term "applied art" is used in distinction to the fine arts, where the latter is defined equally arts that aims to produce objects which are cute or provide intellectual stimulation only have no primary everyday part. In practice, the two often overlap.

Video games

A contend exists in the fine arts and video game cultures over whether video games can be counted equally an art course.^[31] Game designer Hideo Kojima professes that video games are a type of service, not an art grade, considering they are meant to entertain and try to entertain as many people equally possible, rather than being a single artistic voice (despite Kojima himself being considered a gaming auteur, and the mixed opinions his games typically receive). However, he best-selling that since video games are made upward of artistic elements (for example, the visuals), game designers could be considered museum curators – non creating artistic pieces, simply arranging them in a way that displays their artistry and sells tickets.

Inside social sciences, cultural economists show how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional fine art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity between video games and the arts.^[32]

In May 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its redefinition of what is considered a "work of art" when applying for a grant.^[33] In 2012, the Smithsonian American Art Museum presented an showroom, The Fine art of the Video Game.^[34] Reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games belong in an art museum.

Arts criticism

Architecture criticism
Art criticism
Dance criticism
Film criticism
Music criticism
Telly criticism
Theatre criticism
Literary criticism

Notes

^ The term Art comes from the Latin ars, artis.
^ Historically, scientific discipline has long been opposed to fine art, considering art was characterised as a subject that could not be learned (unlike science).

References

^ Valéry 1935, p. 683.
^ "Définition de fifty'art" [Definition of fine art] (in French). Éditions Larousse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved seven June 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Art Definition: Meaning, Classification of Visual Arts". visual-arts-cork.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved vii June 2020.
^ "The arts definition and pregnant". Collins English language Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
^ "Definition of The Arts by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
^ Van Camp 2006.
^ Hemingway 2003, p. xi.
^ "Définition de Beaux-Arts" [Definition of Fine Arts] (in French). Bayard Presse. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The fine arts include painting, sculpture, sure graphic arts and architecture. Music and poetry are sometimes called fine art.
^ "Définition de arts appliqués" [Definition of applied arts] (in French). 50'Internaute. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The applied arts bring together under one banner all the activities that bring an aesthetic side to everyday life. These arts are practiced by designers, who are in charge of embellishing what surrounds the individual.
^ St. Fleur 2018, p. x.
^ Morley 2013, pp. 38–39.
^ Morley 2013, pp. 42–43.
^ Diedrich 2015, p. ane.
^ Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991, p. 994.
^ "Quadrivium". The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 – via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella's early fifth century piece of work, The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, i of the main sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts
^ Rowlands & Landauer 2001.
^ Ryynänen, Max (2020). On the Philosophy of Central European Art: The History of an Institution and Its Global Competitors. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 37. ISBN978-one-7936-3418-four.
^ Harper 2016.
^ LeWitt 1967, pp. 79–83.
^ Huntsman 2015, p. 221.
^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b Miller 2007, p. 23.
^ Perry 2014, p. 85.
^ Honderich 2006.
^ Fraleigh 1987, p. iii.
^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "theater (northward.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on thirty October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
^ Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013.
^ Chilvers 2004, p. 29.
^ "Define Applied art at Lexicon.com". Lexicon.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ Parker 2012, p. 42.
^ Borowiecki & Prieto-Rodriguez 2013, pp. 239–258.
^ Hairdresser 2012.
^ Parker 2012, p. 46.

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External links

Media related to The arts at Wikimedia Commons
Topic Dictionaries at Oxford Learner'south Dictionaries
Definition of Art by Lexico

jacksonfinted.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts